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1 φάλαγξ
A line of battle, battle-array, Hom. only in Il., once in sg.,Τρώων ῥῆξε φάλαγγα Il.6.6
: elsewh. pl.the ranks of an army in battle,Δαναοὶ ῥήξαντο φάλαγγας 11.90
;φάλαγγες ἀνδρῶν 19.158
, Hes. Th. 935;τῶν κάτω Διὸς φαλάγγων S.Ichn.
(lyr.) in PTeb. 692 iii 10.2 heavy infantry ([etym.] ὁπλῖται) in battle-order, X.An.1.8.17, al.; ἡ φ. τῶν ὁπλιτῶν ib.6.5.27, cf. D.9.49; opp. πελτασταί, X.An.6.5.25; opp. ἱππεῖς, Id.Cyr.6.3.2, Ages.2.9;τοὺς ἱππεῖς πρὸ τῆς φ. ἔστησαν D.S.20.10
, cf. Plu.Crass.23; butοἱ Ἕλληνες ἱππεῖς ὥσπερ φ. ἐπὶ τεττάρων παρατεταγμένοι X.HG3.4.13
: esp. line of battle, opp. κέρας (column in marching order), ἐπὶ φάλαγγος ἄγειν, opp. κατὰ κέρας or ἐπὶ κέρως ἄγειν, Id.Cyr.1.6.43; of ships, Id.HG6.2.30; ἐκ κέρατος εἰς φ. καταστῆσαι to form from column into line, Id.Cyr.8.5.15;παρ' ἀσπίδα παραγαγόντας τὴν ἐνωμοτίαν ἐπὶ φάλαγγος Id.An.4.3.26
;ἐπὶ φάλαγγος καθίστασθαι Id.Cyr.6.3.21
, cf. An.6.5.7,25.c camp, εἴσω, ἔξω φάλαγγος, Id.Ages.2.15. Lac.12.3, cf. Eq.8.12.3 esp. of the Macedonian phalanx, Plb.18.29sqq., etc.4 in writers on Tactics:5 metaph.,λοπάδων παρατεταγμένη φ. Diph.44.3
; of a band of pupils, Lib.Ep.145.1; of a governor's staff (Lat. officium), Id.Or.46.11.II round piece of wood, trunk, log,φάλαγγες ἐβένου Hdt.3.97
;ἐκ κοτίνοιο φ. A.R.2.843
;φ. πύξιναι IG11(2).287
B145 (Delos, iii B. C.).IV bone between two joints of the fingers and toes, Arist.HA 493b29; pl., Ruf.Onom.84 (but metacarpals, [Ruf.] Oss. 22).V = φαλάγγιον 1, Ar. V. 1509, Ra. 1314 (lyr.), Pl.Com.22, X.Mem.3.11.6: masc. in Arist. HA 609a5. (The orig. sense was prob. log, cf. OHG balcho 'beam', Lat. sufflamen (for sub-flag-men) 'brake'.) -
2 κνήμη
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `part between knee and ankle, leg, shank' (Il.), `tibia' (Gal., Ruf.), metaph. `stem between two joints' (Thphr.; Strömberg Theophrastea 48), `spoke of a wheel' (Hom. etc. in compp., Poll., Eust.).Other forms: Dor. κνά̄μᾱCompounds: As 2. member e. g. in ὀκτά-κνημος `with eight spokes' (Il.), παχύ-κνημος `with thick shanks' (Ar.). Substantivized hypostasis: ἀντικνήμ-ιον n. `what is over against the shank', i. e. `tibia' (IA.).Derivatives: κνημίς, - ῖδος f. (Il.), Aeol. κνᾶμις, pl. κνάμῐδες (Alc.), `greave' (Trümpy Fachausdrücke 19f.) with κνημίδια pl. (Att. inscr.; meaning uncertain); κνημία f. `spoke' (Lys.), pl. `τὰ τῆς ἁμάξης περιθέματα' (H.) etc. (s. Scheller Oxytonierung 53f.); κνημ-(ι)αῖος `belonging to the shank' (Hp., Gal.; on the formation Chantraine Formation 49).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [613] *k(o)nh₂m-ā `bone, tibia, shank'Etymology: On κνημός s. v. With κνά̄μᾱ agrees except for the stem OIr. cnāim `leg, bone' (i-st.); both can go back on IE. * knām-. Close is a Germ. word for `(back-)thigh-bone, back of the knee', OHG hamma, OE hamm, OWNo. hǫm. As - mm- can be assimilated from - nm-, for hamma an IE. basis * konǝm-ā is possible, which differs from κνάμα, cnāim only in ablaut; s. Schwyzer 361, Pok. 613f.Page in Frisk: 1,883Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κνήμη
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3 κνήμη
A part between knee and ankle, leg, shank, Il.4.147, Od.8.135, Hdt.6.75, 125, 7.75, E.Ph. 1394, etc.; of a horse, X.Eq.1.5, 12.10: prov., ἀπωτέρω ἢ γόνυ κνάμα 'blood is thicker than water', Theoc.16.18.3 in plants, stem between two joints, Thphr.HP9.13.5; κνήμη (v.l. μνήμου) μελίνης dub. sens. in S.Fr. 608.
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